Serrasalmidae
Serrasalmidae
Palometa
Pristobrycon aureus
Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:72, Pl. 29 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam annos MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I.... colleget et pingendso curavit Dr J. B. de Spix....
Current status: Valid as Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Agassiz 1829).
FROM FRANK MAGALLANES
Not seen in the aquarium hobby and if it is available, it is likely easily misidentified. They share some common characteristics like most Pristobrycon. Should the species become readily available, I would suggest keeping them solitary as they are fin biters. Food requirements would likely not differ much from S. eigenmanni. As more information becomes available I will update accordingly.
Found in the equatorial lakes and rivers of Brazil and Guyana. Also reported in Uruguay and Paraguay rivers. No types known to science. There are problems with this species. It was made a synonym of S. eigenmanni by other authorities. What this means is, this may be a another species that falls into the Serrulatus-Humeralis description problem fish. This is a common problem when reviewing this genus and how it was placed by previous (historical) and current systematizing. Is it a valid species? According to present literature it is, but I remain doubtful. More work by Systematician is required when it comes to genus Pristobrycon, particularly with this one, S. eigenmanni, P. striolatus, and S. serrulatus.
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HISTORICAL DESCRIPTIONS
Castelnau, 1855
No. 4
Serrasalmus aureus Spix, Cuv, Val, t. XX p.22, in passing:
COLOR OF LIFE
When the fish is fully alive to a dark brown, becoming purple on the sides
and on top of the head.
Not much descriptive work available for this species. The only papers I have other than some comparison studies between related, similar species is from Eigenmann: The Serrasalminae and Mylinae, 1915. His words:
Head 3.66-3.75: depth to end of lateral line 1.55-1.6; D. 16-17; A. 33-35; serrae 34 or 35; snout 1.5 in the eye: eye 3 in the head; interorbital 2.16; margin of the second suborbital rounded, but leaving a naked area equal to one-fourth to one-third of the total width of the cheeks; space between dorsal and caudal longer than head; head 1.3-1.4 in the length of the anal; spots sometimes arranged in transverse rows, merging into irregular cross-bands in the largest specimen.
C. H. Eigenmann, 1915
i1. Pristobrycon aureus (Agassiz). Serrasalmo aureus Agassiz, Selecta Genera et Spec. Pise., 1829, p. 72, tab. 29; Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Vol. XXII, 1848, p. 282; CastelNau, Anim. Amer. Sud, Poiss., 1855, p. 71 (Goyaz); ?Muller & Troschel. in Schomburgk's Reisen, Vol. IIl, 1848, p. 637 (Essequibo, Rupununi); Knee. Characinen, Vol. II, 1859, p. 35 (Rio Vaupe, Matto Grosso). Serrasalmo gymnogenys GONTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., Vol. V, 1874, p. 371.(River Capin, British Guiana); Eigenmann & Eigenmann, Proc. U. S. Nat.Mus., Vol. XIV, 1891, p. 60; Ulrey. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.. Vol. VII. 1895.p. 298 (Marajo); ?Perugia,6 Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Geneva, za, Vol. X, 1891, p. 650 (Resistencia, Chaco Centrale): Pellegrin, Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Vol. V, 1899, p. 157 (Apure); Eigenmann, Reports Princeton Univ. Exp. Patagonia, Vol. IIl, 1910, p. 442; Memoirs Carnegie Mus., Vol. V., 1912, p. 381 (Rockstone; Wismar; Tumatumari; Crab Falls below Packeoo).
6 It is very probable that Perugia had either Serrasalmo marginatus, or humerolis.
Habitat.—Guiana, Orinoco, Amazons, and PParaguay. 5770 a. C. M. 158 mm. Santarem, Dec. 15, 1909. Haseman. 58000-6. C. M. About 150 and 182 mm. Manaos. Haseman.
Head 3.66-3.75; depth to end of lateral line 1.55-1.6; D. 16-17; A. 33-35; serrae 34 or 35; snout 1.5 in the eye; eye 3 in the head; interorbital 2.16; margin of second suborbital round,ed, but leaving a naked area equal to one-fourth to one-third of the total width of the cheeks; space between dorsal and caudal longer than head; head 1.31.4 in the length of the anal; spots sometimes arranged in transverse rows, merging into irregular cross-bands in the largest specimen.
12. Pristobrycon emarginatus (Schomburgk). Salmo emarginatus Schomburgk, Fishes Brit. Guiana, Vol. I, 1841, p. 231, plate 19. (Locality?) Schomburgk's figure represents a fish shaped like P. aureus or a Metynnis. It differs from the latter in having a short adipose fin. It is quite possible that the figure is that of aureus.
HISTORICAL STATUS
Valid as Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829 -- (Géry 1972:218)
Valid as Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188)
MAXIMUM SIZE
15 inches TL (?)
DISTRIBUTION
Lower portions of tributaries of lower Amazon River and Guyana rivers: Brazil and Guyana.
REFERENCES
gibbus, Serrasalmus Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:71, Pl. 38 (fig. 1) [Animaux nouveaux or rares recueillis pendant l'expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, ... v. 2; Rio Araguay, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8648 (dry). Mention of S. aureus in passing.
Spix, J. B. von and L. Agassiz 1829-31 Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam annos MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I.... colleget et pingendso curavit Dr J. B. de Spix.... Monachii. Selecta Piscium Brasiliam: Part 1: i-xvi + i-ii + 1-82, Pls. 1-48;, Part 2: 83-138, Pls. 49-101. [Part 1 published June 1829, part 2 Jan. 1831; see Kottelat 1988, Whitehead & Myers 1971, Pethiygoda & Kottelat 1998.
Eigenmann, C. H. 1915 (Mar.) The Serrasalminae and Mylinae. Ann. Carnegie Mus. v. 9 (nos. 3-4): 226-272, Pls. 44-58.
Géry, J. 1972 (19 Dec.) Poissons characoïdes des Guyanes. I. Généralités. II. Famille des Serrasalmidae. Zool. Verh. (Leiden) No. 122: 1-250, Pls. 1-16.
Reis, R. E., S. O. Kullander and C. J. Ferraris, Jr. 2003 Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. Check list Freshw. Fishes South & Cent. Amer. 2003: i-xi + 1-729.
Jégu, Michel., Dos Santos, Geraldo Mendes., Cybium 2001, 25(2): 119-143. Mise Au Point À Propos de Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner, 1858 et Réhabilitation de S. maculatus Kner, 1858 (Characidae: Serrasalminae). See page: 135.
Machado-Allison, A. y Fink, W. L. 1996 Los Peces Caribes de Venezuela, Diagnosis, Claves, Aspectos, Ecologicos Y Evolutivos. UCV de Venezuela. pg. 83.
Plate image of S. aureus courtesy http://www.archive.org .
3 photos Pristobrycon aureus Photo credit: Steven Eheler (1/19/2015)
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