Snake Head
Channa ALL SPECIES

PROHIBITED SPECIES - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The genus Channa has been known to science for hundreds of years. It was very popular as a staple food until a few years ago. Being prolific it was imported from its native range into other countries as a food item. However, little did the governments that allowed this introduction realize what a destructive pest this fish would be. The United States allowed importation of this species to fish farms and some escaped causing problems to native fishes. Today, under federal law, the species is prohibited to possess or import, even for the aquarium trade.

VALID SPECIES LIST

REFERENCES 

• McClelland, J.   1845  Description of four species of fishes from the rivers at the foot of the Boutan Mountains. J. Nat. Hist. Calcutta v. 5 (no. 18): 274-282. [Issue for July 1844, possibly published in 1844.]

• Cantor, T. E.   1842 (for June, July, Aug.)  General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (N. S.) v. 9 (nos. 58, 59, 60): 265-278, 361-370, 481-493. [Pisces, pp. 484-493.]

• Berg, L. S.   1949  Fresh-water fishes of Soviet Union and adjacent countries. III. Freshw. Fish. USSR, Guide Fauna USSR No. 30: 927-1382. [In Russian. Transl. available, 1965, Smithson. Inst. by Israel Prog. Sci. Transl.]

• Okada, Y.   1961  Studies on the freshwater fishes of Japan. Prefectural University of Mei, Tsu, Mie Prefecture, Japan. "1959-1960.". Freshwater Fish. Japan: 1-860, Pls. 1-62. [Published in 1961 (see Hubbs 1962).]

• Wang, H.-Y.   1984 (June)  Fishes of Beijing. Fishes Beijing 1984: 1-115.

• Cheng, Q.-T. and C.-W. Zhou   1997  (Eds.) The fishes of Shandong Province. Fishes Shandong 1997: 1-549.

• Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino  1984  The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai Univ. Press. Fish. Japanese Arch.: Text: i-xxii + 1-437, Atlas: Pls. 1-370.

• Wang, S.-A., Z.-M. Wang, G.-L. Li, Y.-P. Cao et al.   2001 The fauna of Hebei, China. Pisces. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House. Fauna Hebei 2001: 1-366. [In Chinese.]

• Kawanabe, H. and N. Mizuno   1989  Freshwater Fishes of Japan. Yama-Kei Publishers: Tokyo: 1-719. [In Japanese.]

• Vierke, J.   1991 (Jan.) Ein farbenfroher neuer Schlangenkopffisch aus Assam: Channa bleheri spec. nov. Das Aquarium v. 25 (no. 259): 20-24.

• Pan, J.-H., L. Zhong, C.-Y. Zheng, H.-L. Wu and J.-H. Liu (eds)   1991 The freshwater fishes of Guangdong Province. Guangdong Science and Technology Press. frontmatter + 1-589. [Accounts authored by various authors.]

• Ding, R.-H.   1994 (Jan.) The fishes of Sichuan, China. Sichuan Inst. Nat. Res., Chengdu: 1-641, Pls. 1-8. [In Chinese, English abst.]

• Yang, J.-X. and Y.-R. Chen   1995 (Editors) The biology and resource utilization of the fishes of Fuxian Lake, Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, China. Fish Fuxian Lake: preface + 1-224. [In Chinese; English abst.]

• Zhu, S.-Q.   1995 Synopsis of freshwater fishes of China. Syn. Freshw. Fishes China: i-v + 1-549. [In Chinese; English summ.]

• Bogutskaya, N. G. and A. M. Naseka   1996 Cyclostomata and fishes of Khanka Lake drainage area (Amur Riber Basin) an annotated check-list with comments on taxonomy and zoogeography of the region. GosNIORKu and Zin Ran. St. Petersburg. Fish. Khanka Lake: 1-89.

• Kim, I.-S.   1997  Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna and flora of Korea. Vol. 37. Freshwater fishes. Ministry of Education. 1-629, 49 col. pls. [In Korean; English summ.]

• Reshetnikov, Yu. S., N. G. Bogutskaya, D. E. Vasil'eva, E. A. Dorofeyeva, A. M. Naseka, et al.   1997 An annotated check-List of the freshwater fishes of Russia. Voprosy Ikhtiol. v. 37 (no. 6): 723-771. [In Russian. English transl. in J. Ichthyol. v. 37 (no. 9):687-736.]

• Chen, Y.-Y.   1998  (Editor) The fishes of the Hengduan Mountains region. The series of the scientific expedition to the Hengduan Mountains of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Fishes Hengduan Mountains: 1-364.

• Reshetnikov, Yu. S.   1998 Various family accounts. In: Annotated Check-List of Cyclotomata and Fishes of the continal waters of Russia. Nauka Publishers, Moscow.

• Nakabo, T.   2000 (Ed.) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. Second edition. Tokai University Press. Fish. Japan Pict. Keys Species v. 2: i-vii + 867-1748. [In Japanese.]

• Sato, Y., H. Takahashi and Y. Suzawa   1998 (Nov.)  Fish fauna of the Katsuura River, Tokushima Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. Bull. Tokushima Pref. Mus. No. 8: 25-66. [In Japanese, English summ.]

• Matsuura, K., A. Doi and G. Shinohara   2000  Distribution of Freshwater Fishes in Japan. Supplement to Catalog of the Freshwater Fish Collection in the National Science Museum, Tokyo. National Science Museum, Tokyo. Distribution of Freshwater Fishes in Japan.: i-x + 1-256.

• Bogutskaya, N. G., A. M. Naseka and A. M. Komlev   2001 Freshwater fishes of Russia: preliminary results of the fauna revision. Proc. Zool. Inst. Russ. Acad. Sci. v. 289: 39-50.

• Tang, W.-Q., Y.-Y. Chen and H.-L. Wu   2001 (Mar.)  Fish species diversity of Wulin Mountains region and its zoogeographic analyses. 

• J. Shanghai Fish. Univ. v. 10 (no. 1): 6-15. [In Chinese; English summ.]

• Kim, I.-S. and J.-Y. Park   2002 Freshwater fishes of Korea. Freshwater Fishes Korea 2002: 1-465.

• Nakabo, T.   2002 (Ed.) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition. Tokai University Press. Fish. Japan Pict. Keys Species v. 2: i-vii + 867-1749. [This edition has some nomenclatural changes from the 2000 Japanese edition.]

• Youn, C.-H.   2002  Fishes of Korea, with pictorial key and systematic list. Fishes Korea 2002: 1-747.

• Courtenay, W. R., Jr., J. D. Williams, R. Britz, M. N. Yamamoto and P. V. Loiselle   2004 (10 Feb.)  Identity of introduced snakeheads (Pisces, Channidae) in Hawaii'i and Madagascar, with comments on ecological concerns. Occ. Papers Bishop Museum No. 77: 1-13.

• Bogutskaya, N. G. and A. M. Naseka   2004 Catalogue of agnathans and fishes of fresh and brackish waters of Russia with comments on nomenclature and taxonomy. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Fishes Russia: 1-389. [In Russian.]

• Annandale, N.   1918 (9 May)  Fish and fisheries of the Inlé Lake. Rec. Indian Mus. (Calcutta) v. 14: 33-64, Pls. 1-7.

• Bleeker, P.   1851 Vijfde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Borneo, met beschrijving van eenige nieuwe soorten van zoetwatervisschen. Natuurkd. Tijdschr. Neder. Indië v. 2: 415-442.

• Bleeker, P.   1852  Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Banka. Natuurkd. Tijdschr. Neder. Indië v. 3: 715-738.

• Bleeker, P.   1853  Diagnostische beschrijvingen van nieuwe of weinig bekende vischsoorten van Sumatra. Tiental V-X. Natuurkd. Tijdschr. Neder. Indië v. 4: 243-302.

• Bleeker, P.   1855  Negende bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Borneo. Zoetwatervisschen van Pontianak en Bandjermasin. Natuurkd. Tijdschr. Neder. Indië v. 9: 415-430.

• Bloch, M. E.   1793 Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. Naturg. Ausl. Fische v. 7: i-xiv + 1-144, Pls. 325-360. [Also a French edition, Icthyologie, ou Histoire naturelle des Poissons, v. 10, published 1797.]

• Bloch, M. E. and J. G. Schneider   1801 M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. Systema Ichthyol.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110. [For authorship of species and translation of introduction see Karrer et al. 1994. See Fricke 1999:666 for 1800 edition.

• Chaudhuri, B. L.   1919 (6 June)  Report on a small collection of fish from Putao (Hkamti Long) on the northern frontier of Burma. Rec. Indian Mus. (Calcutta) v. 16 (pt 4): 271-287, Pl. 22.

• Cuvier, G. and A. Valenciennes   1831 (Apr.)  Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome septième. Livre septième. Des Squamipennes. Livre huitième. Des poissons à pharyngiens labyrinthiformes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 7: i-xxix + 1-531, Pls. 170-208. [Cuvier authored pp. 1-440, Valenciennes 441-531. i-xxii + 1-399 in Strasbourg edition.]

• Hamilton, F. [Buchanan]   1822  An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Edinburgh & London. Fishes Ganges: i-vii + 1-405, Pls. 1-39. [Often seen as Hamilton-Buchanan or Buchanan-Hamilton; in work as Hamilton [formerly Buchanan]. See Gudger 1924. See also Roberts 1998.

• Lacepède, B. G. E.   1801 (18 Oct.)  Histoire naturelle des poissons. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 3: i-lxvi + 1-558, Pls. 1-34. [Publication date: Hureau & Monod 1973, v. 2: 323, and see Derijst 1997:221 who confirms 1801 and not 1802.

• Musikasinthorn, P.   1998 (26 Nov.)  Channa panaw, a new channid fish from the Irrawaddy and Sittang River basins, Myanmar. Ichth. Research v. 45 (no. 4): 355-362.

• Playfair, R. L.   1867 (May)  On the fishes of Cachar. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867 (pt 1): 14-17, Pl. 3.

• Linnaeus, C.   1758 (1 Jan.)  Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1: i-ii + 1-824. [Nantes and Pisces in Tom. 1, pp. 230-338; a few species on later pages. Date fixed by ICZN, Code Article 3.]

• Steindachner, F.   1901 Kükenthal's Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungreise in den Molukken und Borneo. Fische. Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. v. 25: 409-464, Pls. 17-18

• Vierke, J.   1991 (Jan.)  Ein farbenfroher neuer Schlangenkopffisch aus Assam: Channa bleheri spec. nov. Das Aquarium v. 25 (no. 259): 20-24.

• Zhang, C.-G., P. Musikasinthorn and K. Watanabe   2002  Channa nox, a new channid fish lacking a pelvic fin from Guangxi, China. Ichth. Research v. 49 (no. 2): 140-146.

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UPDATED: 07/07/2009